RULE OF LAW CONTINUES NEGATIVE SLIDE WORLDWIDE (WJP Rule of Law Index).

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" />For Second Year, More Countries Declined Than Improved in WJP Rule of Law Index<br /><br />Steepest Decline Seen in "Constraints on Government Powers," Suggesting Rising Authoritarianism<br /><br />WASHINGTON, DC (28 February 2019) – The World Justice Project (WJP) today released the WJP Rule of Law Index® 2019, an evaluation of rule of law adherence worldwide based on more than 120,000 household and 3,800 expert surveys in 126 countries. Featuring current, original data, the WJP Rule of Law Index measures countries’ rule of law performance across eight factors: Constraints on Government Powers, Absence of Corruption, Open Government, Fundamental Rights, Order and Security, Regulatory Enforcement, Civil Justice, and Criminal Justice.<br /><br />The new WJP Rule of Law Index scores show that more countries declined than improved in overall rule of law performance for the second year in a row, continuing a negative slide toward weaker rule of law around the world.<br /><br />In a sign suggesting rising authoritarianism, the factor score for "Constraints on Government Powers" declined in more countries than any other factor worldwide over the last year (61 countries declined, 23 stayed the same, 29 improved). This factor measures the extent to which, in practice, those who govern are bound by governmental and non-governmental checks such as an independent judiciary, a free press, the ability of legislatures to apply oversight, and more. Over the past four years, Poland, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Serbia have lost the most ground in this dimension of the rule of law.  <br /><br />"This slide in rule of law in general and checks on government powers in particular is deeply concerning,” commented Elizabeth Andersen, executive director of the World Justice Project. "There is a crucial difference between "rule by law" and "rule of law." In too many countries, laws and legal institutions are being manipulated to undermine rather than uphold the rule of law, even as governments wrap their actions in "rule of law" rhetoric."<br /><br />The second largest decline over last year was seen in the area of "Criminal Justice," followed by "Open Government" and "Fundamental Rights." On a positive note, more countries improved in "Absence of Corruption" than declined for the second year in a row.<br /><br />The top three overall performers in the 2019 WJP Rule of Law Index were Denmark (1), Norway (2), and Finland (3); the bottom three were the Democratic Republic of the Congo (124), Cambodia (125), and Venezuela (126). <br /><br />Countries leading their regions in overall rule of law scores included: Nepal (South Asia), Georgia (Eastern Europe and Central Asia); Namibia (Sub-Saharan Africa); Uruguay (Latin America and the Caribbean); United Arab Emirates (Middle East and North Africa); New Zealand (East Asia and Pacific), and Denmark (Western Europe and North America, defined as EU + EFTA + North America).<br /><br />The WJP Rule of Law Index® is the world’s leading source for original data on the rule of law. The Index relies on more than 120,000 household and 3,800 expert surveys to measure how the rule of law is experienced and perceived in practical, everyday situations by the general public worldwide. Performance is measured using 44 indicators across eight primary rule of law factors, each of which is scored and ranked globally and against regional and income peers: Constraints on Government Powers, Absence of Corruption, Open Government, Fundamental Rights, Order and Security, Regulatory Enforcement, Civil Justice, and Criminal Justice. <br /><br />"Effective rule of law is the foundation for communities of justice, opportunity, and peace," said William H. Neukom, WJP founder and CEO. "No country has achieved a perfect realization of the rule of law. The WJP Rule of Law Index is intended to be a first step in setting benchmarks, informing reforms, stimulating programs, and deepening appreciation and understanding for the foundational importance of the rule of law."</div>

RULE OF LAW CONTINUES NEGATIVE SLIDE WORLDWIDE (WJP Rule of Law Index).

For Second Year, More Countries Declined Than Improved in WJP Rule of Law IndexSteepest Decline Seen in "Constraints on Government Powers," Suggesting Rising AuthoritarianismWASHINGTON, DC (28 Februa…

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HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH REPORT on Somaliland 2019.

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYc9DaOJlLTXKNSRh5etTBPTDrxVwxShrrYblXy_R5TVHSyIuR2EMHPvW7vQVyt5ATYGTL2awlrMeglY4a-lmvnuLmvUAOTTJq7uNkbCHB7ySuuQGJXc3_7lC48WMW0FT-GYGGrM5y8a_z/s1600/202001wr_essay_robots_1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="210" data-original-width="374" height="179" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYc9DaOJlLTXKNSRh5etTBPTDrxVwxShrrYblXy_R5TVHSyIuR2EMHPvW7vQVyt5ATYGTL2awlrMeglY4a-lmvnuLmvUAOTTJq7uNkbCHB7ySuuQGJXc3_7lC48WMW0FT-GYGGrM5y8a_z/s320/202001wr_essay_robots_1.jpg" width="320" /></a>The Somaliland government severely restricted reporting and free expression on issues deemed controversial or overly critical of the authorities.<br /><br />There was a significant  number of arbitrary arrests of journalists and temporary closure of media outlets. On February 10, the regional court in Hargeisa suspended the Foore newspaper for one year and fined the editor, Abdirashid Abdiwahab Ibrahim, 3 million Somaliland shillings (US$300). The newspaper was accused of spreading misinformation after it reported on the building of a new presidential palace in Hargeisa. The ban on Foore was lifted in August.<br /><br />The government also arbitrarily arrested perceived government critics. On January 12, poet Abdirahman Ibrahim Adan (known as "Abdirahman Abees") was arbitrarily arrested and charged with “insulting the police” after he highlighted various due process abuses in Somaliland. He was acquitted and released on February 25.<br />Key International Actors<br /><br />International support and attention focused on building Somalia’s security sector, improving relations between federal and state authorities, and regional electoral processes. Attention to ensuring accountability for abuses remained minimal.<br /><br />Following the December 2018 police violence in Baidoa, key international partners—the European Union, the United Kingdom and Germany—temporarily suspended support to police in the South West State.<br /><br />After the Somali government expelled special representative of the secretary-general Haysom, the UN suspended its monthly reporting on human rights issues.<br /><br />The US military increasingly conducted airstrikes in Somalia and joint military operations against Al-Shabab. Media and NGOs documented several civilian casualties. In April, AFRICOM acknowledged two civilian casualties in an April 2018 strike, citing internal reporting errors.  <br /><br />In August, six UN Security Council member states blocked a bid by Kenya to impose additional counterterrorism sanctions on Al-Shabab that could have jeopardized the delivery of humanitarian aid. <br /><br />International donors supported the establishment of a new civilian court and prison complex in Mogadishu. At time of writing, the court’s mandate remained unclear, and no juvenile facilities set up. <br /><br />The competition between UAE and Qatar over political and economic dominance in Somalia continued to exacerbate intra-Somalia tensions, both between Mogadishu and federal states, and with Somaliland.  <br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <br /></div> <br /></div>

HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH REPORT on Somaliland 2019.

The Somaliland government severely restricted reporting and free expression on issues deemed controversial or overly critical of the authorities.There was a significant  number of arbitrary arrests o…

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Boqortooyadii Xaydha

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <div class="MsoNormal"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnLJW7KA_tuNmeH9AxYFKX7fNXaVeg79h0hQGHUDxfTLGfRpTdmh31DDocvv8Zurru6ymcOt-eAdpdjCrBRSRFg0UCeZQU9fNoZXUeFQSN3yZwZGnDoHgX6CQghMKeOK6_5EU7ZYozJP6a/s1600/IMG_20170526_221151_201.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="900" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnLJW7KA_tuNmeH9AxYFKX7fNXaVeg79h0hQGHUDxfTLGfRpTdmh31DDocvv8Zurru6ymcOt-eAdpdjCrBRSRFg0UCeZQU9fNoZXUeFQSN3yZwZGnDoHgX6CQghMKeOK6_5EU7ZYozJP6a/s200/IMG_20170526_221151_201.jpg" width="112" /></a></span></div> <span style="font-size: 14pt;">Boqortooyada xaydhu waa qiso ku sahabsan boqortooyo la magac baxday boqortooyada xaydha ,waxa jira nooc qudhaan jada ka mida oo la yidhaahdo Aboor oo aad wax u qabsada iskii iskuna filan oo guryaha uu dhisto cid walba ay ka faaidaysato oo ay ka galaan roobabka,qoraxda iyo wixii kale ee dhibaayaba.</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 14pt;"><br /></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Aboorku waxa uu u nool yahay koox-koox ama si wada jira ayuu u nool yahay oo uu kaga duwanyahay kagana magac wanaagsan yahay qudhaanjooyinka inta kale.Aboorku waxa uu sidii ahaadaba waxa so food saartay duruufo qalafsan ka dib markii cimiladii iyo degaankii u ku nolaa isbdalay,Tashi dheer ayay waxa go’amiyeen inay yesheen boqor oo taladoodu meel kasoo wada baxdo si durufahan adag looga baxo.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Aboorka waxa uugu darani waa ilayska qoraxda iyo inuu helo roob,waxa ay isla garteen in boqorka ay doranyaan u ahaado Aboor keeni  kara roob.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Boqorkii aboorku iska dhex dooray, lakiin waxa uu keenay mushkilad kale oo ah inuu yidhaahdo ha la ii dhiso qasri xaydha.talaa ku cadaatay aboorki oo markii u isku noqday waxay isla garteen madaama u boqorku sidaa dalbaday inay u dhisaan qasriga u doonaayo uugana dhisaan xaydha u doortay.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Qasrigii boqorku markii u dhamaaday waxa uu boqorkii amray in la dhiso taanbuug wayn oo qoraxda ka illaaliya qasriga ,madaama oo u xaydh ka samaysanyahay,waxa u boqorkii mamnuucay ilayska qoraxda,aboorku wax qudha ee guryaha ku dhasan jiray waxay ahayeen roobka iyo ilayska qoraxda oo u qalajin jiray dhismahiisa.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 14pt;">Aboorkii waxa uu mudo sidi ahaadaba oo duruufo kasii qalafsan tii hore ay uuga cabanayeenba ku jiro ,afar ka mida aboorkii ayaa tashaday waxa ay isla garteen inay boqortooyadan xaydha ahi keentay dhibtan si ay meesha uuga baxdana loo baahan yahay in qoraxdii la helo.si hadaba qoraxdii lo helo waxay isla garteen in taanbuuga la daldaloliyo si ilayska qoraxdu u soo galo. Taanbuugii dal daloolo u sameeye,qoraxdiina so gashay boqorkiina meeshii ka bax.</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Mudo markii ay ka soo wareegtay Aboorkiina bilaa boqor noqday waxay is tuseen in aan laga maarmayn boqortooyo taladooda iyo cududoodaba midaysa, hadana waxa u samaystay boqor.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Boqorkii markii ay doorteen  waxa u golahii la shaqayn lahaa ka soo doortay Aboorkii si shaqo maalmeedkii boqortooyadu u socoto sidoo kale ay adeeg fiican u helaan aboorku,mudo markii ay boqortooyadu jirtayba waxa uu isna la soo baxay cadooyin aanay hore u arag,illaahay cilmigiisa waxa boqorkii la jeclaysiiyey Jiirarka iyo dameeraha oo waxa la arkay uun jiirar iyo dameero ku soo qulqulaaya qasrigii boqortooyada,cida dameerkuna waxay noqotay cida aadka loogu jecelyahay ee had iyo jeer ka ladi wayeen Aboorkii u dhawaa boqortooyadu.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Boqorkii golahiisa marka uu la shiraayo waxa aad u dhibi jirtay in ay so hor fadhiistaan Aboorku oo inta badan ah mid ka hadlaaya uun dundumooyinkiisi iyo Aboorkii kale duruuftiisa.</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Dundumooyinku waxa ay noqdeen aboorku waxa uu ugu hadal haynta badan yahay,boqorku aadbuu u necebaystay oo dhagahiisa ayay ka guuxday dundumada iyo hadal haynteedu.Marka ay dayn wayaan hadal haynteeda waxa uu ku jawaabi jiray soynagii boqorada noqonay maxaa keenay inaad hadal haysaan uun dundumadii iyo aboorkii aanu ka nimi iska nafisa oo ku raaxaysta heesaha dameerka.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">boqorkii waxa uu amray dhamaan Aboorkii golahiisa ka mid ahaa inay isku badalaan Jiirar ama Dameero.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 14pt;">Aboorkii intiisi badnayd waxa ay isku badaleen jiirar iyo dameero,boqortooyadii o dhami waxay isku badashay jiir wax cunaaya uun iyo dameer ciyaaya.</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Aboorkii talaa ku ciirtay o waxa u arkay ina ay mushkilad cusub ay wajaheen oo aanay hore uula kulmin.Aboorka noqon waaya jiir ama dameer waxa lagu celin jiray aboorkiisii oo waxa uu boqorku ku odhan jiray adigu mar hadaad jiir noqon wayday Abooradaadi iskaga noqo,markaas aboorada noqon waayay jiir ama dameer waxa ay dib uugu so noqon jireen meelaha ay inta badan ku shiraan aboorku,waxaanay noqon jireen Aboor ka tilmaaman aboorada kale oo aad taladooda loo dhageysto madaama ay ku adkaysteen jinsiyadoodii aboor nimo.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Qoladii jiirarka isku badashay kumay noqon jiriin aboorkii ay ka dal doorsadeen oo xanuuno ayaa ku dhici jiray waxaanay ahayeen qaar takooran o aboorka intiisa kale gees iskaga leexiyo iskana illaaliyo inay so dhex galaan.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Aboorkii boqortooyadii jiirarka wa ay ka takhalaseen waxaanay isla garteen aboorka danbe ee ay boqorka ka dhigayaan inuu shuruudo yeesho………………………la soco<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">  <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <br /></div> <br /> <div class="MsoNormal"> <br /></div> </div>

Boqortooyadii Xaydha

Boqortooyada xaydhu waa qiso ku sahabsan boqortooyo la magac baxday boqortooyada xaydha ,waxa jira nooc qudhaan jada ka mida oo la yidhaahdo Aboor oo aad wax u qabsada iskii iskuna filan oo guryaha u…

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‘Nothing prepares you for becoming a parent. I just sobbed’Rageh Omar

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgW1q6TaDlkrKVR0SQdgeeiYymXPUd4rDw9AhXkI3c6HwH0dxvBHw2JnYULNh6sedpMxW-67gzZvrkYmVCAvVFb2Q47jKHZ4he6vBChmmAXZwkuateaESMJ3MB6fde38AKM8m9tVFrImoDB/s1600/2761.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="372" data-original-width="620" height="192" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgW1q6TaDlkrKVR0SQdgeeiYymXPUd4rDw9AhXkI3c6HwH0dxvBHw2JnYULNh6sedpMxW-67gzZvrkYmVCAvVFb2Q47jKHZ4he6vBChmmAXZwkuateaESMJ3MB6fde38AKM8m9tVFrImoDB/s320/2761.jpg" width="320" /></a></div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "Guardian Text Egyptian Web", Georgia, serif; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 0px;"> <span style="background-color: #b82266; color: white; font-family: "Guardian Egyptian Web", "Guardian Text Egyptian Web", Georgia, serif; font-size: 18px;">The TV journalist on a happy childhood in Mogadishu, his first taste of a British boarding school, and the first, unbelievable taste of fatherhood</span></div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "Guardian Text Egyptian Web", Georgia, serif; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 0px;"> <strong><br /></strong></div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "Guardian Text Egyptian Web", Georgia, serif; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 0px;"> <strong><br /></strong></div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "Guardian Text Egyptian Web", Georgia, serif; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 0px;"> <strong>Our family home in Mogadishu</strong> was in an area lined with trees, very green and the sun was always shining. I played on sandy beaches and in the warm, clear sea. I remember balmy summers – wet and humid – and the city had a beautiful whitewashed look because it was built under Italian colonial rule. During those endless summers, we would have lots of extended family gatherings – often relatives I had never seen, but had been told about, who would be returning home after working abroad.</div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "Guardian Text Egyptian Web", Georgia, serif; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 0px;"> <strong>My father, Abdullahi, became an accountant</strong> before setting up his businesses. He had a contract to represent Massey Ferguson tractors, introduced Coca-Cola to <a class="u-underline" data-component="auto-linked-tag" data-link-name="auto-linked-tag" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/somalia" style="background: transparent; border-bottom: 0.0625rem solid rgb(220, 220, 220); color: #005689; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none !important; touch-action: manipulation; transition: border-color 0.15s ease-out;">Somalia</a> and started the country’s first independent newspaper. He was building his businesses at a time of huge political change and remained hard-working and determined to provide for his family. He was also a fun father with his five children.</div> <aside class="element element-rich-link element--thumbnail element-rich-link--upgraded" data-component="rich-link" data-link-name="rich-link-1 | 1" style="background-color: white; clear: both; color: #333333; float: left; font-family: "Guardian Text Egyptian Web", Georgia, serif; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; margin: 0.3125rem 1.25rem 0.75rem -15rem; width: 13.75rem;"><div class="rich-link tone-feature--item " style="background-color: #951c55; color: white; margin: 0px; overflow: hidden; position: relative;"> <div class="rich-link__container" style="position: relative;"> <div class="rich-link__image-container u-responsive-ratio" style="background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1); overflow: hidden; padding-bottom: 132px; position: relative; transition: background-color 0.25s ease; width: 220px;"> <img itemprop="contentURL" src="https://i.guim.co.uk/img/static/sys-images/Admin/BkFill/Default_image_group/2011/11/3/1320325745979/Broadcaster-Rageh-Omaar-007.jpg?w=460&q=55&auto=format&usm=12&fit=max&s=146fed33206a229eaa04305a8a30fff2" style="border: 0px; height: 132px; left: 0px; position: absolute; top: 0px; width: 220px;" /></div> <div class="rich-link__header" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: "Guardian Egyptian Web", "Guardian Text Egyptian Web", Georgia, serif; font-size: 1.25rem; line-height: 1.5rem; min-height: 2.25rem; padding: 0.25rem 0.3125rem 0.5em;"> <h1 class="rich-link__title" style="font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"> <a class="rich-link__link" href="https://www.blogger.com/null" style="background: transparent; cursor: pointer; touch-action: manipulation;">Rageh Omaar: 'Idealism has become a dirty word among many journalists'</a></h1> </div> <div class="rich-link__read-more" style="padding-left: 0.3125rem;"> <div class="rich-link__arrow" style="display: inline-block;"> <span class="inline-arrow-in-circle inline-icon " style="fill: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><svg class="inline-arrow-in-circle__svg inline-icon__svg" height="24" viewbox="0 0 24 24" width="24"><path class="rich-link__arrow-icon" d="M12 0C5.373 0 0 5.373 0 12s5.373 12 12 12 12-5.373 12-12S18.627 0 12 0m.21 19l-.637-.668 4.888-6.326H4.996v-1.01h11.465l-4.888-6.333.637-.668L19 11.153v.685l-6.79 7.157" fill-rule="evenodd" fill="#005689"></path></svg></span></div>  <div class="rich-link__read-more-text" style="color: #fdadba; display: inline-block; font-family: "Guardian Egyptian Web", "Guardian Text Egyptian Web", Georgia, serif; font-size: 0.875rem; height: 1.875rem; line-height: 1.625rem; padding-left: 0.125rem; vertical-align: top;"> Read more</div> </div> <a class="rich-link__link u-faux-block-link__overlay" href="https://www.theguardian.com/media/2011/nov/06/rageh-omaar-interview-slavery-evil" style="background: transparent; bottom: 0px; color: #ead2dd; cursor: pointer; left: 0px; opacity: 0; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; right: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; text-indent: 200%; top: 0px; touch-action: manipulation; white-space: nowrap; z-index: 0;"></a></div> </div> </aside><div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "Guardian Text Egyptian Web", Georgia, serif; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 0px;"> <strong>My mother, Sahra, is one of 12 children</strong> – all girls except for one boy. Her smile is as broad as the sun and she has a mischievous wit. She is loving and the centre of our family in the same way that she was a mother figure to her younger siblings – to this day, they look on her as a role model and matriarch. When she was over in London, she walked everywhere, which I find tedious and she still has a go at me for being a couch potato.</div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "Guardian Text Egyptian Web", Georgia, serif; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 0px;"> <strong>My parents grew up in a very different world from me.</strong> <a class="u-underline" data-link-name="in body link" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/somalia" style="background: transparent; border-bottom: 0.0625rem solid rgb(220, 220, 220); color: #005689; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none !important; touch-action: manipulation; transition: border-color 0.15s ease-out;" title="">Somalia</a> was then a nomadic country and the life they experienced was like something from the 19th century. They taught us the importance of education and traditional cultural family values and created a stable and happy home: we could feel proud about where we came from.</div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "Guardian Text Egyptian Web", Georgia, serif; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 0px;"> <strong>I arrived in London as a six-year-old </strong>in 1973 because of my father’s dream for his children to have a good education. The first thing I felt after leaving Heathrow was this blast of cold air. I thought, what’s going on? Then I saw the unusual colours from the street lighting and neon advertising hoardings. But my abiding memory is of my mother when she took me to my first day at boarding school – something she considered barbaric, but was what my father wanted. She thought when I was met by the housemaster, I would turn around and say: “Mummy, come and get me and take me home.” But I just turned around at the door after being welcomed, waved her away and said: “All right, Mum, off you go.” To this day, she’s never forgiven me for that.</div> <aside class="element element-pullquote element--supporting" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; clear: left; color: #333333; float: left; font-family: "Guardian Text Egyptian Web", Georgia, serif; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; margin-bottom: 0.375rem; margin-left: -16.25rem; padding: 0.1875rem 1.25rem 0px; width: 16.25rem;"><span class="inline-quote inline-icon inline-tone-fill" style="display: block; fill: rgb(149, 28, 85); height: 1.875rem; margin-bottom: 0.375rem; width: 2.125rem;"><svg class="inline-tone-fill__svg inline-quote__svg inline-icon__svg" height="10" viewbox="0 0 33 20" width="17"><path d="M9.002 20c3.85.068 6.932-3.104 7-6.994.068-3.892-3.15-6.937-7-7.006-2.016-.036-3.59.694-4.888 2.053A9.968 9.968 0 0 1 4.001 6.5C4.064 2.97 7.414.937 11.003 1l-1-1C3.98 0 .098 4.447.002 10.006c-.097 5.557 3.35 9.892 9 9.994zm17 0c3.85.068 6.932-3.104 7-6.994.068-3.892-3.15-6.937-7-7.006-2.016-.036-3.59.694-4.888 2.053a9.968 9.968 0 0 1-.113-1.553c.063-3.53 3.413-5.563 7.002-5.5l-1-1c-6.022 0-9.904 4.447-10 10.006-.097 5.557 3.35 9.892 9 9.994z"></path></svg></span><blockquote style="margin: 0px;"> <div class="pullquote-paragraph" style="color: #767676; font-family: "Guardian Egyptian Web", "Guardian Text Egyptian Web", Georgia, serif; font-size: 1.25rem; line-height: 1.5rem;"> When Mum took me to boarding school, I just waved her away, saying, ‘All right, Mum, off you go.’ She never forgave me</div> </blockquote> <span class="inline-quote inline-icon closing inline-tone-fill" style="display: block; fill: rgb(149, 28, 85); height: 1.875rem; margin-bottom: 0.375rem; margin-top: 0.375rem; transform: rotate(180deg); width: 2.125rem;"><svg class="closing__svg inline-tone-fill__svg inline-quote__svg inline-icon__svg" height="10" viewbox="0 0 33 20" width="17"><path d="M9.002 20c3.85.068 6.932-3.104 7-6.994.068-3.892-3.15-6.937-7-7.006-2.016-.036-3.59.694-4.888 2.053A9.968 9.968 0 0 1 4.001 6.5C4.064 2.97 7.414.937 11.003 1l-1-1C3.98 0 .098 4.447.002 10.006c-.097 5.557 3.35 9.892 9 9.994zm17 0c3.85.068 6.932-3.104 7-6.994.068-3.892-3.15-6.937-7-7.006-2.016-.036-3.59.694-4.888 2.053a9.968 9.968 0 0 1-.113-1.553c.063-3.53 3.413-5.563 7.002-5.5l-1-1c-6.022 0-9.904 4.447-10 10.006-.097 5.557 3.35 9.892 9 9.994z"></path></svg></span></aside><div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "Guardian Text Egyptian Web", Georgia, serif; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 0px;"> <strong>Even though my father started a newspaper,</strong> he tried to discourage me from becoming a <a class="u-underline" data-link-name="in body link" href="https://www.theguardian.com/media/2011/nov/06/rageh-omaar-interview-slavery-evil" style="background: transparent; border-bottom: 0.0625rem solid rgb(220, 220, 220); color: #005689; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none !important; touch-action: manipulation; transition: border-color 0.15s ease-out;" title="">journalist</a>; he thought it wasn’t a serious profession. He wanted me to study law and I was close to becoming a barrister. We struck a deal: I said I’ll try to become a <a class="u-underline" data-link-name="in body link" href="https://www.theguardian.com/media/2004/feb/28/broadcasting.politicsphilosophyandsociety" style="background: transparent; border-bottom: 0.0625rem solid rgb(220, 220, 220); color: #005689; cursor: pointer; text-decoration-line: none !important; touch-action: manipulation; transition: border-color 0.15s ease-out;" title="">journalist</a> and if it doesn’t work after a few years, I’ll go ahead with law. He lived to see that I made it and he was proud – and happy in the end. He said I had made the right choice.</div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "Guardian Text Egyptian Web", Georgia, serif; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 0px;"> <strong>Becoming a father myself for the first time was life-altering.</strong> Despite everything I had read and attending childbirth classes, nothing prepared me. Nina and I held Loula in our arms and it was so overwhelming and overpowering that I just sobbed. Having another life in your care was huge and that wonderful moment feels scarcely believable.</div> <div id="apn_display_container_qm0qfotgszs" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "Guardian Text Egyptian Web", Georgia, serif; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 0px;"> </div> <div class="js-ad-slot ad-slot ad-slot--inline ad-slot--inline1 u-h ad-slot--rendered" data-desktop="1,1|2,2|300,250|620,1|620,350|fluid" data-google-query-id="CLfjm6C0jNcCFfYW0wod6GoG2Q" data-link-name="ad slot inline1" data-mobile="1,1|2,2|300,250|fluid" data-name="inline1" id="dfp-ad--inline1" style="background-color: #f6f6f6; border: 0px !important; clip: rect(0px 0px 0px 0px) !important; color: #333333; float: right; font-family: "Guardian Text Egyptian Web", Georgia, serif; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; height: 0.0625rem !important; margin: 0.25rem auto 0.75rem 1.25rem; min-height: 17.125rem; min-width: 18.75rem; overflow: initial; padding: 0px !important; position: relative; text-align: center; width: 18.75rem; z-index: 1010;"> <div class="ad-slot__label" style="border-top: 0.0625rem solid rgb(223, 223, 223); box-sizing: border-box; color: #6e6e6e; font-family: "Guardian Text Sans Web", "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Arial, "Lucida Grande", sans-serif; font-size: 0.75rem; height: 1.5rem; line-height: 1.25rem; margin: 0px auto; padding: 0px 0.5rem; position: relative; text-align: left;"> <br /></div> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <br /></div> <div class="ad-slot__content" id="google_ads_iframe_/59666047/theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/article/ng_5__container__" style="border: 0pt none;"> <iframe data-integralas-id-372b6f8f-ccd4-9c8a-5d9d-a42bb0db9127="" frameborder="0" height="1" id="google_ads_iframe_/59666047/theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/article/ng_5" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" name="google_ads_iframe_/59666047/theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/article/ng_5" scrolling="no" style="border-style: initial; border-width: 0px; vertical-align: bottom;" title="3rd party ad content" width="620"></iframe></div> </div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "Guardian Text Egyptian Web", Georgia, serif; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 0px;"> <strong>I see my children as independent young people.</strong> My parents taught me to be independent and to think independently. My father thought that independence gives you a sense of worth and strength. I see this in our children [Loula, 16, Sami, 15, and Zachary, 11]: they are able to stand on their own two feet. They can cook – something my father taught me –and are good, independent travellers, which they got from us because we travelled a lot while they were growing up.</div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "Guardian Text Egyptian Web", Georgia, serif; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 0px;"> <strong>My father died in 2009 aged 79.</strong> It is a huge blow when reality strikes, but he’d not been well for some time and I’d seen his health deteriorate. Hundreds of people came to his funeral. I dealt with his death by trying to talk about it with my family and we always mark his anniversary.</div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "Guardian Text Egyptian Web", Georgia, serif; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 0px;"> <br /></div> <div style="background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: "Guardian Text Egyptian Web", Georgia, serif; font-variant-ligatures: common-ligatures; margin-bottom: 1rem; padding: 0px;"> Source:Theguardian</div> </div>

‘Nothing prepares you for becoming a parent. I just sobbed’Rageh Omar

The TV journalist on a happy childhood in Mogadishu, his first taste of a British boarding school, and the first, unbelievable taste of fatherhood Our family home in Mogadishu was in an area lined wi…

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Tixda Miski ee Xasan Geney iyo Rashiid Gadhwayne

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPI4Pze5ypEYZw7WADTIdHNwW6bc_ZC1KhUJdLhhaS2uWT9i8yEu2BgEYtSWJ0UQcWMkg9Y3SmW6BDyZUU5vAKuw1sCopQZSzR4HGXj-OpY30wsYRleqJkRL8R4AvAss7im7WQbVj3VTk9/s1600/images+%25281%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="120" data-original-width="120" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPI4Pze5ypEYZw7WADTIdHNwW6bc_ZC1KhUJdLhhaS2uWT9i8yEu2BgEYtSWJ0UQcWMkg9Y3SmW6BDyZUU5vAKuw1sCopQZSzR4HGXj-OpY30wsYRleqJkRL8R4AvAss7im7WQbVj3VTk9/s1600/images+%25281%2529.jpg" /></a></div> Waxa aan u malaynayaa su’aasha muranka leh ee ugu horrayn, ku soo dhacaysa dersaha tixda Miski ee Xasan Cabdllaahi “Xasan Ganey”  waa qoddobka mudanka ah ee ay ku aroorayso. Xasan tixdan naftiisa ayuu kaga hadlayaa oo duunkiisa, damiirkiisa iyo dadnimadiisa ayuu ka warramaa. Haddana waayaha ku heeraara iyo awaalaha adduunka bulsho siyaasaddeed ee uu marna ku dhexnool yahay, marna qudh ahaantiisa debedda ka ah, ayuu hoos u muquurayaa oo uu ina muquurinayaa. Marka kale na, halganka uu naftiisa la galay, hubka uu ku dirirgalay iyo quwadda uu cuskaday iyo libinta uu haleelay, ayaa ah qoddob ay tixdu ka hadlayso. Halka, uu ugu dambayn sahankiisu tegay ee baaqiisu ka yeedhay na waa qoddob kale. Waxaa qoddob muuq dheer ah oo si gaar ah kuu dareenjiidanaya ammaanta nabi Maxamed(scws). Sidaa darteed, Miski waa tix wejiyo badan oo adduun ballaadhan hadba dhinac kaga imanaysa. Dhinacyadaas oo maskaxda akhristaha iyo dhegeystaha ku murmaya ayuu, isla markii, ku shubayaa qaabab farshaxannimo oo maansada Sooomaalida ku hor leh.<br /> Waxaa la igu yidhi waa tix nabi ammaan ah. Waxaad odhan kartaa waa run. Waa nabi ammaan, hase yeeshee ka badan. Waxa aad is odhan waa awaalewarran iyo hogatus suugaaneed, waa murti adduun iyo xaaladdii ku saabsan. Ayadu na waa run. Haddana waxaad tidhaa waa waano iyo wacdi diineed ka digaya maalinta Alle la hortaagan yahay, waana durraamsho Alle dembi dhaaf ka tuugaysa. Waa halka ay tixdu, aakhirka fadhiisanayso oo waa run. Summad ma ayey leedahay oo aynu siinnaa tixdan cajiibk ah? Intaba u daa. Haddana intaa uun ma aha. Dhismaha tixda, qaybaheeda kala toyashada ah iyo sida goonigoonida ah ee mid waliba ammaanta nabiga(scws) ugu gororaysa ayaa ugub ah oo aan tixdan looga horraynin. Waxaa raaca qaab hor leh oo fiiro gaar ah mudan. Aynu arrimsahaas u tallaaboqaadno oo marba heer wax yar isdul taagno.<br /> Ta u horraysa, Xasan bilowga, ma araranayo ee afaaf sugan buu tixda ka guda gelayaa. Malaha, rag iyo dumar ba, qof waayaha bulshadiisa jiray oo caroogga suugaanta u siday, ereyga samodoonna aan maalinna dhulka dhigin, asaga oo weli faro madow jooga, haddii uu dhega adayga bulshadiisa ka cawdo, ama ba intiisa sheegto, waa gartii oo layaab ma laha. Xasan waxa uu tixdiisa ku billaabay, wax badan oo uu bulshadiisa waano yidhi iyo halka uu maanta ka taagan yahay. Intaasi waa ka hordhac iyo arar ka duwan tii soojireenka ahayd; waayo, ugu horrayn tixdan, maansoyahanka Xasan Cabdillaahi, waa Xasan Ganeye, naftiisa ayuu inagu barayaa. Isahaantiisa ayuu meel sugan dhigayaa. Asagu dabcan, ma aha geed ka baxay ban aan geed kale ku oollin, noole kale na aanu joogin. Waagiisa iyo awaalaha ka jira, shar iyo khayr ba, inta ku hirdamaysa, wax badan buu hordhaca inagu tusayaa.<br /> <b><i>Bulshadaan muddo dheer u macallin ahaa</i></b><br /> <b><i> Maansheeyey sidii mahiigaan</i></b><br /> <b><i> Rag maali og baa markaa u cushoo</i></b><br /> <b><i> Miciinkeeda maandhow way necebtoo</i></b><br /> <b><i> Cashuurba mudduu u miisaayoo</i></b><br /> <b><i> Waa kii maskaxdiisa maal siiyoo</i></b><br /> <b><i> Maahmaah ka sameeyey mahadho ahoo</i></b><br /> <b><i> Cabdi baa ku matalay miroodka lo’dee</i></b><br /> <b><i> Hadduu maqalkii musbaar kaga jiro</i></b><br /> <b><i> Milgaha calankiyo midnimada ba</i></b><br /> <b><i> Haddaanay u muuqan maaree.</i></b><br /> <b><i> Qabyaalad masayrtay haw muhatee</i></b><br /> <b><i> Waa kaa muruqoodi maadh ka qadshoo…</i></b><br /> Hordhaca tixdu halkaas bay ka ambaxaysaa. Waa runtii oo waxba kuma uu masuugin; Wuxuu se ka cabanayaa oo ayadu na runtii ah, miciinkood-naca ay yahiin; waa dad ay isu beddelayaan kuwo nacabkood ahi oo masayrka qabyaaladeed ku kala maqan oo dal iyo midnimo qaran ba ku seeggan.<br /> Nolosha qofka aadanahu, teeda ifka iyo teeda aakhiro ba, waa doorashadiisa xorta ah. Qof ay hawada naftiisu qaadatay oo hungurigiisa raacay, oo caqligii iyo damiirkii Alle ammaaneeyey, dheg u dhigi waayey, ama ku caasi noqday, noloshii Alle la doonay buu xooray; dhimasho if iyo aakhiroba ah buu doortay. Ammaanadii xorriyada doorashada samaha na wuxuu ka doorbiday addoonsiga hawada nafta iyo shaydaanka adeegsada. Addoonimada sharfani waa ta Alle loo addoon yahay. Ayadaa na xor lagu yahay oo nolol ah. Qof aan nolosha aadanaha ku habboon noolayni ma noola; waa bakhti soconaya. Jiritaanka qofka, taas baa dhabaysa. Qof waliba na asaga ayaa taas iyo sida kale ba, naftiisa u doora.<br /> Tixdan Miski, Xasan Cabdillaahi “Xasan Ganey” in uu jiro oo uu nool yahay buu sheetay; xorriyaddii Alle ku mannaystay buu qaatay. Kuwo badan baa, ayaga oo ifka jooga, dhimasho doorta, Xasan in uu if iyo aakhiroba noolaado ayuu ku adkaystay. In badan tixdan macaankeedu halkaas buu ku jiraa. Bal day sida uu naftiisa u la hadlayo:<br /> <b><i>Mur iyo dacar mowjadaha lidiqa ah</i></b><br /> <b><i> Mabda’aa lagu jabay mashruuca xilka leh</i></b><br /> <b><i> Ruuxii ku milmaa xumaan martiyee</i></b><br /> <b><i> Ha moodin in uu macaash ku jiroo</i></b><br /> <b><i> Intoon dhiig ka miirto maatida</i></b><br /> <b><i> Maryahaan ku tukado marmarin maayee</i></b><br /> <b><i> Jidiinka madow nafyahay ha maqline ….</i></b><br /> Tuduc dheer oo labaatan meeris ka badan buu ku talaxtegayaa inta xumo uu qayrkii ku kaco ee dhimashada if iyo aakhiro laga dheefo. Jidka nolosha dhabta ah ee uu naftiisa u dooray buu farshaxnimo qarqoorayaa. Waa laba jid oo mid ba miishiisa wax geeyo. Mid sharqabahaa leh oo naarta ayuu wax geeyaa; ka kale waa jidkii Nabi Maxamed(csws) oo asaga ayaa lagu la rafiiqaa. Kan dambe ayuu Xasan doortay. Go’aanka xorriyadda iyo nolosha dhabta ah ayuu qaatay. Maalinta ay u daran tahay, in uu maciisa noqdo oo uu xawdkiisa ka cabbo ayuu ka doorbiday, la-moodda ifka lagu hayo. Asaga oo naftiisa la hadlaya waxa uu leeyahay:<br /> <b><i>Ifka ba maararrowgu waa maalmee</i></b><br /> <b><i> Marinka ha ka tegin la mahadinayoo</i></b><br /> <b><i> Jannadaa malab iyo macaan badan lehe</i></b><br /> <b><i> Maalintay darantee miciinka dhabta ah</i></b><br /> <b><i> Mursalkii Alle doortay oo Maxamed ah</i></b><br /> <b><i> In aan madashaas maciisa noqodoon</i></b><br /> <b><i> Xawdkiisa maggaabso ka ma maarmarmee…</i>..</b><br /> Sibiq iyo si ma-garato ah ayey tixdu nabi ammaan ugu siibaynaysaa. Doorashada ereyada suugaaneed iyo suuradinta hummaagyada uu agaabaynayo, ayaa gaar u suntaya nabi ammaakan. Farshaxannimadii Xasan Ganey lagu ogaa, waxa ay soo ururinaysaa intii Soomaalidu bilic dabeecadeed iyo tu duunyo iyo uduggeed taaqaannay. Adiga oo isla baraad la’ ayaad ku hambaberaysaa ammaanta Nabi Maxamed(CSWS). Waxa uu ku soo hoorinayaa oo aad wax walba ku illaabaysaa:<br /> <b><i>Shan kastoy marsadaan malyuun cadarro ah</i></b><br /> <b><i> Intaasu madad iyo marqaan ma lahee</i></b><br /> <b><i> Waxaan marag iyo markhaati ka ahay</i></b><br /> <b><i> Macbuudkaa ka abuuray maawaradoo</i></b><br /> <b><i> Udgoon aan maydhmin Maxamed baa helay.</i></b><br /> Si kale ayuu u geeddi gelinayaa tixda. Kartida halabuurka cabqariga ahi xeerar iyo xuduudo jiray bay marar badan jebisaa. Quwadda hibada ayaa hoggaamisa oo u tallaabisa hirar aan qofka ku talo-galkiisa ahayn. Ma filayo Xasan Cabdillaahi “Xasan ganey” in uu u hankaabsay oo ku fikiray dhisidda suuro suryaali ah oo suugaaneed. Bal ma filayo in uu xataa magaca surealism maqlay. Ayada oo sidaa ah, hadda na waxa uu ballaysimay oo aan looga horrayn, habdhismeed farshaxannimo suugaaneed, oo wejigaas leh ama salsallaawaya.<br /> Weligeed ba suugaanta Soomaalidu way taqaannay qofayn ama wax aan dad ahayn oo laga hadliyo. Oollinta lamataabtaanku na ka ma wada maqnayn. Maahmaahda tidhaa “Illayn” ama “illeen talo isu ma kaa sheegto” ayaa u tusaale ah oo taladii ayey ka dhigeen wax nool oo meeljoog leh oo hadlaya. Wax badan oo ah habardugaag hadlaya oo sida dadka u dhaqmaya, ayaa suugaanta Soomaalida ka buuxa. Xasan Ganey, sida ay ila tahay, tan horteed ba, dheeraad buu taas ku lahaa. Weliba asagu ka ma hadlin oo keli ah ee ma-noolaha wuu ba la hadlay. Tusaale ahaan, tixdiisa Dhegdheer(1982kii), geedka dhillowyanka oo ay suugaanta Soomaalidu, badi ba ugu sarbeebato deriskunoolnimo, toos buu u la hadayaa oo waxa uu ku odhnayaa:<br /> <b><i>Adigu na dhillowyahan</i></b><br /> <b><i> Dhirta aad ku marantahay</i></b><br /> <b><i> Dhaqan la ma wadaagtide</i></b><br /> <b><i> Haddaad xididdo dheertahay</i></b><br /> <b><i> Dhoobadaa Ilaahay</i></b><br /> <b><i> Rarka meel ad dhigatiyo</i></b><br /> <b><i> Dharroor maad ka daydayan?!</i></b><br /> Tusaale kale oo kooban na, tixdiisa Carceer, waxa uu la hadlayaa ma-noolaha ceeryaamada oo uu leeyahay waxa aad quudhsatay cadceed aad dhulka iskaga gudbtay, ka dibna aad wax isku moodday. Wuxuu yidhi:<br /> <div class="wpInsert wpInsertInPostAd wpInsertMiddle" style="float: left; margin: 15px; padding: 0px;"> <ins id="aswift_1_expand" style="background-color: transparent; border: none; display: inline-table; height: 250px; margin: 0; padding: 0; position: relative; visibility: visible; width: 250px;"><ins id="aswift_1_anchor" style="background-color: transparent; border: none; display: block; height: 250px; margin: 0; padding: 0; position: relative; visibility: visible; width: 250px;"></ins></ins></div> <b><i>Qorraxda ceeryaamoyahay,</i></b><br /> <b><i> Canaanta u jeedisaa;</i></b><br /> <b><i> Cadceedda dulmaa qarshee,</i></b><br /> <b><i> Ciirow waa baa caddaan.</i></b><br /> Duurxulka afartan meeris, waxa uu dhacayaa cid uun been wax isku moodday; waa se meel aynaan hadda u dan lahayn oo intaas u dhaafi mayno. Ma se cusba oo Xasan iyo qarkiiba ka hadliye mayeedhaanka, noole iyo manoole ba; halkanse asagu waa uu la hadalay. Tixdan Miski waxa jira hirkicimo suugaaneed oo aan labadaas midna ahayn, Xasan na aan looga horrayn. Waxa uu goob iyo gelbis isugu keenay midabbo badan oo ah cadrado hablood, midkood waliba na ay meesheeda u goonid ah ku qurux leeedahay. Waxa uu ku gaafayaa daruuraha cirka iyo xiddigaha; waxa uu ka arbaynayaa dayaxa oo guurumeer ah. Hasaawaha iyo deexashada midda uu ka calmado, ayuu uga sii xiisayaa oo uu gaashaynayaa. Waa la hashiiyey oo aroos aan meher iyo macsi mid na lahayn, la na muraad seegin, baa u dhacaya oo waa lagu reeyey. Maxfalkeeda ayeynu daawanaynaa. Xiddigah ayaa ka milxiisaya oo arooska ka mashxaradaya; daruuraha ayaa gelbinayaa oo onkodka ayaa muusigga u tumaya. Waxa uu Xasan ina soo hordhigayaa oo aynu ku ashqaraaraynnaa gaafaan suuro gudban ah oo aynu ka daawanayno adduun ka koobma dabbaaldeg midabbo ah:<br /> <b><i>Dayaxooy soddon midab macsuumeen oo;</i></b><br /> <b><i> Daruuro malaasan meegaartoo</i></b><br /> <b><i> Caddaan u muquurtay maariinoo,</i></b><br /> <b><i> Maydhaan ku sameeyey muuqiiyoo,</i></b><br /> <b><i> Miskeed yidhi sagal macaan badanoo,</i></b><br /> <b><i> Mareego ku yeeshay madaxii iyo</i></b><br /> <b><i> Miliilicay maydal qoor dheer oo</i></b><br /> <b><i> Cagaar magansaday mucda u galay oo,</i></b><br /> <b><i> Maamuusay madow qardhaaso leh oo</i></b><br /> <b><i> Ximir aan iska maydhin caad miray iyo</i></b><br /> <b><i> Mataano yihiin mascideed oo</i></b><br /> <b><i> Maalay iyo xaydh mullaaxsaday oo</i></b><br /> <b><i> Maslaxanaaya dhiin masayr galay oo</i></b><br /> <b><i> Mukhayntii ka yeeshay maasha Alloo</i></b><br /> <b><i> Cawlaan la madaystay xoosh makaloo</i></b><br /> <b><i> Muquunshay intaanu moos odhan oo</i></b><br /> <b><i> Mudkiyo isku loohay maydhaqa oo</i></b><br /> <b><i> Ka milicsaday meel agtiisa ah iyo</i></b><br /> <b><i> Sugul u majeertay mee yidhi oo</i></b><br /> <b><i> Casuus ka maqnayd u muhanaayoo</i></b><br /> <b><i> Meehaahay intuu ku maaxdumayoo</i></b><br /> <b><i> Jeegaan isku maray macawiso leh….</i></b><br /> Sida uu u wado, ayuu sowsaba iyo samada ina la korayaa. Mar qudha ayuu ina soo dejinayaa. Adduunkii quruxda, waxa uu haddda, ku soo hoorinayaa ammaanta nabi Maxamed(scws). Inta uu mar keli ah kaa dhexqaado gaafaantii ahayd quruxda midabbada, gelbiskii dayaxa, daruuraha iyo xiddigaha, ayuu ammaanta Nabiga (csws) ka kor kaga keenayaa.<br /> <b><i>Shantooy muunaddaas indhuhu mahadshaan</i></b><br /> <b><i> Intaasu madad iyo marqaan ma lahee</i></b><br /> <b><i> Waxaan marag iyo markhaati ka ahay</i></b><br /> <b><i> Mudanow nebigaa ka muuq dheer.</i></b><br /> Gaafada dabbaaldegga abuurta Alle; dayaxa guurdoonka ah, daruuraha iyo xiddigaha, onkodka iyo hillaaca iyo hablaha midabbada ahi, sidee ugu soo dhaceen maansoyahanka Xasan? Muran ma laha oo tan oo kale waa wax ka soo hinqada wacyiga duunka hoose ama shishe ee kartida halabuuraha cabqariga ah. Waa sawirro meel fog laga male-awaalo oo aan dad badan laga helin; halabuurrada fanku na aanay, awood ahaan, ka sinnayn. Waxa ay u badan tahay in aanu Xasan war ka haynin dugsiga fanka ee suryaaliga la yidhaahdo(Surealism). Ayada oo sidaas ah, haddana Xasan Cabdillaahi, kartida hummaagaynta cabqariga ah ayaa hoggaamisay oo ka keentay suuraymahaas maan-daalidka ah.<br /> Hadda na, mar kale, tixda Miski waa tan oo waa Nebi Ammaan. Tuducyaas dheer bay uga gudbaysaa habeenkii Nebi Maxamed(scws) loo dheelmay samada. Habeenkii Maqdis la geeyey iyo geenyadii qaadday; derajada sarraysa ee Alle u deeqay iyo risaaladda lagu sharfay.<br /> <b><i>Quraankoo mucjiso ayuu mulkiyoo</i></b><br /> <b><i> Maskaxdii dunidoo masuulka runta ah</i></b><br /> <b><i> U macallin ah meyti iyo xay</i></b><br /> <b><i> Mowlahaa kor u qaaday magaciisoo</i></b><br /> <b><i> Waxaan marag iyo markhaati ka ahay</i></b><br /> <b><i> Makhluuqa in uu u mudanyahay….</i></b><br /> Xasan Cabdillaahi”Xasan Ganey”, maansada Miski waxa uu ku soo goynayaa duco qalbiga qofkii Alle yaqaan, ku dhegaysa; duco runtii mudan in korka laga qabto. Waxa uu ducadiisa ka ambaqaadayaa sifaynta maaalinta Qiyaamaha ee Alle hortii la taaganyahay. In badan baynu maqallay sifaalaheeda; se maansaynta Xasan baa soo dhaweynaysa oo ku dhex geynaysa maalintaas iyo xaaldda lagu suganyahay. Maxsharka la tubanyahay; muddugga qaawan ee la wada yahay; maalqabeen iyo mucsur, madax iyo minjo, milicda la wada tuban yahay, surmiga iyo gaajada laga simanyahay; maalinta ay xubnaha jidhku mudduci noqonayaan ee naf iyo wax ay mudan maaliggu uun ogyahay, maalintaas ayuu Xasan xusayaa oo Alle, sidan u baryayaa:<br /> <b><i>Macbuudka Alle an magansanayow</i></b><br /> <b><i> In kastoon Maka iyo Madiina ba tegey</i></b><br /> <b><i> Faralka ka maqnaan maskiiddada oo</i></b><br /> <b><i> Soonka na ku mitido markaan ladanahay</i></b><br /> <b><i> Sakada ku masuugin maal hayn</i></b><br /> <b><i> Ma moogi in aan madmadow badanoo</i></b><br /> <b><i> Miciinkaagu waa mid mowjadahoo</i></b><br /> <b><i> Addoon ku martiyey mindhaa ma qadee</i></b><br /> <b><i> Dembigaannu maleegnay naga maydhoo</i></b><br /> <b><i> Dhammaan muslimiinta maamuusoo</i></b><br /> <b><i> Jannadaada macaan ha noo miyin.</i></b><br /> Tixdu guud ahaan, fartii Xasan Ganey bay leedahay. Ereyga iyo suuradaha hummaagga toolmoon iyo toyashada murtida mugga leh; shareereyaasha duurxulk fog leh iyo shubaalinta hadalka inta ba, dhiskii maansada Xasan Ganey ku goonida ahayd, bay txidani wadataa. Waxaa si gaar ah tixdan u sii astaynayaa oo ayadana maansada Xasan lagu yaqaan, sunsuminta sadarrada tixda ee uu, sida goonida ah ugu adeejiyo xidhiidhiyeyaasha hadalka , sida iyo, ee, oo. Xidhiidhiyeyaashanu tebinta macnaha sadarrada iyo tuducyada tixda ayey sululuxiyaan oo ay bilciyaan. Maansada Xasan Ganey baa, si gaar ah, ugu suntan taas oo lagu yaqaan.<br /> Ugu dambayn, waxaynu hore u nidhi tixdan Miski, ta uu Xasan qofnimadiisa u dooray buu ina soo hordhigayaa. Daw cusub buu maansadan mariyey, waa na jid uu maansoyahanka kasta oo kale na uu wax ku tusayo. Waxaa sweeye, soojireenkii maansada Soomaalida, gabaygu waxa uu ku caan ahaa arar iyo dhextaal uu maansoyahanku isku faaniyo, qaayaha tixdiisana ku buunbuuniyo. In kasta oo aan isla-weynida la ammaani jirin, hadda na dhaqan bay ahayd oo gabaygaaga lagu ma qoonsan jirin. Xasan Cabdillaahi “ Xasan Ganey” tixdiisan Miski, doorashadiisa nolosha, if iyo aakhiroba ah, ayuu jid hor leh u furayaa. Dawga dadnimada ku wacan buu qaaday. Sidaa darteed waxa uu ka xiidhiidh-goostay oo ku falaagoobay jidraacii naftii-hafarka ahaa ee lagu ogaa maansoyahanka Soomaalida. Alle iyo aadamiga ba wuu isu dhuldhigayaa oo kartiisa iyo murtidiisa ba wuu yaraysanayaa. Badweynta tixdiisan Miski oo aanan runtii, garanayn mid la agdhigo, waxa uu inooga dhigayaa bilaale. Waxa la yaab leh sida ay u kala fogyahiin tixdan iyo tilmaanta Xasan naftiisa ka bixinayaa. Murti la tirshaba qayrkii baa iska leh; asagu se tiisa waxa uu ku sheegayaa luggooyo. Tusaale ahaan, maahmaahahan soo socda oo aanan runtii garanaynin -qurux iyo murti- wax loo dhigo, ayuu ujeeddada quudhsiga naftiisa ugu soo araranyaa:<br /> <b><i>Masalo adag oo mihaajka ku taal;</i></b><br /> <b><i> Marsada cilmiga ah muftaa furfura.</i></b><br /> <b><i> Marwadii fiican baa majeero geyda.</i></b><br /> <b><i> Hashii mohollinaa martida deeqda.</i></b><br /> <b><i> Soorta na milixdaa macaanaysa.</i></b><br /> <b><i> Rag baa maaxda oo mataano roga.</i></b><br /> <b><i> Suugaanta mugga weyn in baa murtisee;</i></b><br /> <b><i> Anigu ma aqaan murtida la tirshee;</i></b><br /> <b><i> Shantayda midh waan mutuhinaayee;</i></b><br /> <b><i> Maansada aan luggooyo miimka ah.</i></b><br /> Isdiiddada murtida culus ee maansadan Miski iyo heerka isdhuldhigga curiyaha Xasan Ganey, ayaa maansada sii qurxinaya, asaga na kor u qaadaya oo haybad iyo sharaf huwinaya. Mar ba si buu ugu imanayaa saddexda sadar ama meeris ee dhextaalka ugu dambeeya. Mar walba na si gooni ah buu kuu ashaqaraar gelinayaa.<br /> If iyo aakhiro ba Xasan Xaaji Cabdillaahi” Xasan Ganey” nolosha dhabta buu doortay oo uu inoo doorayaa; waayoo qofkeen walba faldhaqankiisu waa baaq uu cid wal ugu yeedhayo oo farayo in uu yeelo sida uu yeelay. Tixdan ayada ah, Xasan waxa uu sheegtay xornimo; waayo, loo ma doorin ee asagaa ku go’aan qaatay xornimada aadami lagu yahay. Waa jidka Alle loogu addoon yahay ee qayrkii na lagaga xor yahay.<br /> <b>W.Q Rashiid Sheekh Cabdillaahi X . Axmed (Rashiid Gadhweyne)</b><br /> <b>Email: <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null">rshid.dalla@gmail.com</a></b></div>

Tixda Miski ee Xasan Geney iyo Rashiid Gadhwayne

Waxa aan u malaynayaa su’aasha muranka leh ee ugu horrayn, ku soo dhacaysa dersaha tixda Miski ee Xasan Cabdllaahi “Xasan Ganey”  waa qoddobka mudanka ah ee ay ku aroorayso. Xasan tixdan naftiisa a…

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QARAARKA MAXKAMADDA DASTUURIGA; MA WUXUU AHAA NINKII ROONI AQALKA HA U HADHO? by Garyaq, Maxamed Axmed Cabdi Bacaluul.

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmK6nQKR44vIpAenCBwFazmeE1ipvm-dstcYwwLpyK27MfqAOUowpCchi4AMMTszmB-HT8tt_X93GmeH7xY1mMjX-Zz28AS3nIGIvq4G61mTcHY5FcRW3XqxG85LtMKX45qZH-ptLB9D2l/s1600/mohamed11.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="254" data-original-width="204" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmK6nQKR44vIpAenCBwFazmeE1ipvm-dstcYwwLpyK27MfqAOUowpCchi4AMMTszmB-HT8tt_X93GmeH7xY1mMjX-Zz28AS3nIGIvq4G61mTcHY5FcRW3XqxG85LtMKX45qZH-ptLB9D2l/s1600/mohamed11.jpg" /></a></div> <span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Qaabka uu u dhignaa Go'aankii ugu dambeeyay Maxkamadda Dastuurga ahaa, wuxuu u muuqday mid ku salaysan hab-dacwadeedka, oo aan shaqo ku lahayn nuxurkii khilaaf ee u dhexeeyay dhinacyada (merit). Waxay maxkamadu hareer iskaga weecisay ka garnaqista dacwaddii uu Talyanleh uu kaga codsanayay in dib-u-eegis garsoor (judicial review) loogu sameeyo go'aankii Golaha ee lagu doortay Guddoomiyaha cusub ee Golaha 6-dii bishan, Iyadoo Maxkamadu tilmaantay in aanay arrinta loosoo gudbiyay ahayn mid dastuuriya, balse ay la xidhiidho xeer hoosaadka G/wakiilada.  Sidaasi darteedna ayna u gudogali dooddeeda. Waxaanay kusoo gabo-gabaysay in arrintaasi dib loo gula noqdo Golaha, iyadoo loo eegayo xeer-hoosaadka Goluhu sida uu dhigayo. </span> <br /> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Maxkamaddu halkaasi kagamay hadhine, haddana waxaad arkaysaa iyadoo hab-dacwadeedkii ka gudubtay oo hoos ugu dhaadhacday nuxurkii khilaaf ee ay cabashadu ka taagnayd oo ahaa qaabkii uu, u dhacay fadhigii G/wakiiladu ee la isku qabtay natiijadii cod-bixintiisa.  Maxkamaddu waxay ku tillmaanatay fadhigaasi su'aashu ka taagnayd natiijadiisa, mid loo maray sidii xeer-hoosaadku dhigayay<b> (procedural rules</b>). Iyadoo waliba aamusnaantii xildhibaan Talyanleh saaxiibadiisa ka dhigatay inay caddayn u tahay inay wax waliba sidii loo baahnaa u socdeen, balse ay sheekadan danbe keeneen markii ay dhammaadeen ee la isla qaatay ciddii ku guulaysatay loollankii loogu jiray afhayeenka aqalka. </span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Miyaanay taasi ahayn dooddii laga  filayay dhinaca kale?</span><br /> <span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"> Maxkamaddu ma iyadaa la garnaqsatay Cabdiraxmaan Talyanleh? </span><br /> <span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Sidee ayay Maxkamadu u qaraarisay nuxur khilaaf oo aanay dhinacyadii isku hayay horteeda kaga doodin? </span><br /> <span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Haddayna Dastuuri ahayn arrintani gabi ahaanba, oo aanay dacwaddani ka furmi karin Maxkamadda, maxay haddaas ku keentay inay wixii ka dhacay Golaha 6-dii August, ku tilmaanto tallaabooyin </span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">waafaqsanaa xeer-hoosaadka aqalka? </span><br /> <span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Miyaanay ahayn inay ku ekaato Dastuuri ma ahadaas?</span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Haddiiba ay ka hadashay dulucda arrinta (point of issue), may ahayn inay Maxkamadu ag mar-marto. Waxay ahayd inay si buuxda u go'aamiso wixii looga dheg-taagayay, oo ay si xeel-dheer u daristo waxa la isku </span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">oo kusoo biyo shubanayaysa su'aasha ah "Go'aanka golaha ee lagu caddeeyay musharraxa ku guulaystay guddoomiyannimada goluhu, ma yahay mid sharciya oon mad-madaw ku jirin misa maaha? " Jawaabta su'aashaasi, waxay ahaan lahayd mid la xidhiidha arjigii dib-u-eegista go'aan ee maxkamadda loosoo gudbistay. Waxaana soo bixi lahaa go'aan dastuuriya maadaama oo waxa laga garnaqayaa uu yahay xil kamida xilalka dastuuriga ah sidii lagu buuxin lahaa. Go'aankaasina wuxuu noqon lahaa mid ku salaysan nuxurkii khilaafka (<b>Decision on merit</b>). kaasi oo noqon lahaa sidan qodob midkood uun; </span><br /> <br /> <ol> <li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"> inay ayiddoo natiijadii shirgudoonkii ku meelgaadhka ahaa ku dhawaaqay oo ay Baashe u aqoonsato guddoomiyaha Aqalka, deeddafaysana doodii dacwoodaha. </span></li> <li><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">inay laasho natiijadii cod-bixinta, haddii ay ku qanacdo inuu mad-madaw ku jiro natiijada, oo la horkeeno caddaymo lagu kalsoonaan karo, Kadibna ay amarto in mar kale lagu celiyo codbixinta sida uu dhigayo <a href="http://www.somalilandlaw.com/HoR_Rules_2006.pdf" target="_blank">xeer-hoosaadk<span id="goog_849381661"></span><span id="goog_849381662"></span>a</a> aqalku (iyadoo waliba qaabka ka hufan qaabkii hore loo codaynayo).</span></li> </ol> <div> <span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Haddii aynu ka eegno dhinac habraac eed mooddo inay Maxkamadu ka jawaabtay su'aasha ahayd '<b>Cabashada loosoo gudbiyay, ma tahay mid la dhageysan karo oo ku salaysan xaqiiqo iyo sharciba?'</b> Waxaanay Maxkamadu kaga jawaabtay "ma aha", iyadoo ku salaysay inayna doodda loo soo gudbiyay aanay waafaqsanayn Qodobka <b>98(1)</b> ee dastuurka. Maadaamo oo ay maxkamadani tahay, maxkamad fasiraadeed, waxa la gudboonnaa, inay asbaabteeda qaraar inoogu qeexdo, waxa ay tahay <b>'dacwad dastuuriya'</b> ama shuruudaha laga rabo dacwad dastuuriya ee aanay buuxin cabashadani. Taasi oo aanay Maxkamadu samaynin.</span><br /> <span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span> <span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Waxaana Go'aankeedaasi,  kasoo bixi lahaa fasiraad sharciyeed  oo dacwadaha dambe lagaga qiyaas qaato. Sidoo kalana waxaynu fahmi lahayn, sababta ay dacwaddan Talyanle u noqn weyday  mid dastuuriya, ee ay Dastuuri u noqotay, dacwaddii Baashe Faarax, ee uu kasoo baxay go'aankii (</span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">MS/GMS/G-7/282/2013) ee</span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"> ay Maxkamadda Dastuuriga ahi ku hakisay magacaabista guddi-hoosaadyadii Aqalka? </span><br /> <span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span> <span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Muxuu yahay Faraqa labada dacwadood u dhexeeya, waayo labaduba waxay xidhiidh la lahaayeen Xeer-hoosaadka G/Wakiilada? L</span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">abaduba waxay khuseeyeen go'aanno uu lahaa Aqalku Wakiilladu ? </span></div> <div> <span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span></div> </div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Labadaasi arrimoo</span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">dba waxay soo afjari lahaayeen khilafkii Golaha, waxay Maxkamadu noqon lahayd mid gudatay xilkeedii Dastuuriga ahaa oo aan ka baxsanin. Waayo Garsoorka waxaynu u samaysannay inuu noqdo bar-dhammaadka khilaafkasta oo lagala maarmi waayo xalk ka gaadhistiisa. Waana laga qurux badnaa inay Maxkamadu waji kale u yeesho khilaafkii soo gaadhay, iyadoo waliba aaminsan inuu khilaafkii wali taaganyahay marka ay soo jeedinayso inay mudanayaashu khilaafkooga ku dhammeystaan aqalkooda. Hadday ku dhammeysan karaan, maxaa keenay Maxkamadda? Haddayse ku dhammaysan kari waayaan, miyaannay ahayn kii roon Golaha ha usoo hadho marka ay labada qoloba, tiro ahaan isku dhigmaan, qolo walibana shirguddoon gaar ah wadato, oo aanu jirin mid la isla wada aqoonsanyahay, tiradooduna ayna waxba isdheerayn?</span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Haddii aad eegto asbaabta ay maxkamaddu u cuskatay qaraarka ee ay ku sheegtay <b>"in aanay jirin cid durtay habkii loo raacay codaynta</b>", Waa dhab oo may jirin codaynta ka hor iyo marka codoyntu socotayba wax buuq ah amma duris oo ka dhex dhacday Fadhigii Golaha, Xildhibaannadu si deggan ayay u fadhiyeen, wax walibana waxa uu udhacay si qurux badan, tar-tamayaashuna raalibay ka ahaayeen qaabkii loo guddoominayay fadhiga. Waana halka aad mar is odhan karto Maxkamadu markay leedahay fadhigu wuxuu dhacay si waafaqsan nidaamkiisii caadiga ahaa, wey saxsantahay. Balse markaad dhuuxdo doodda dacwoodaha, waxaad arkaysaa inuu leeyahay ismalaha cod-tirintii iyo natiijadii lagu dhawaaqay. Taasi oo noqon lahayd  mid uu ku saxsanyahay amma uu ku qaldanyahay haddii la siin lahaa fursad lagula darso, oo lagula eego wuxuu cuskaynayo.  Halkan se waxay Maxkamadu kaga hadlaysaa uun xilliga ay tabashadani timid inay tahay xilli ay xeedho iyo fandhaal kala dhaceen, oo ay markii hore ahayd inuu dacwdooduhu duro natiijada, taasi ood u fahmi kartid in la lagu leeyahay 'waxaad ku deg-degtay hambalysada'. Dooddaasi maxkamadeedna waa mid uun ka hadlaysa waqtiga ay cabashadu timid, ee maaha mid ka hadlaysa waxay cabashadu ka timid. </span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Mana jiro qodob-sharci oo waqtiyaynaya saacadaha ay tahay in la duro amma laga cawdo go'aan sidan oo kale oo u dhacay.  Haddii aad wax qalad ismoodsiiso inuu saxyahay,<b>(Mistake of Fact</b>) hadhawto  xaq uma lihid inaad codsato dib-u-sixiddeeda? Sharciga wax loo samaysato in aanay cidina u qatalmin cid kale, oo si cad loogu maareeyo danaha iyo xidhiidhka dadka dhexmara. Ha noqdo xidhiidhkaasi mid bulsho, dhaqaale iyo siyaasadeedba. Sidaasi darteed ayaanay sax ahayn in lagu yidhaahdo "waa lagula gaadhaye iska qaado", balse wuxuu Sharcigu jidaynayaa in aanu qofna ku ladin wax uu si weecsan ku kasbaday <b>(negative gain</b>): ha noqoto adduun, kursi, magac iwm.</span><br /> <span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span> <span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Arrinta kale ee xusidda mudani, balse aanan jeclayn inaan kusii dheeraado waa xeerka hoosaadka Golaha iyo Qodobadiisa</span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">,  (Xeer Lr 1/2006) </span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"> ay Maxkamadu u cuskatay maadaamo oo la baabiiyay, sida aan kasoo xigtay bart sharciyada ee la yidhaahdo <a href="http://www.somalilandlaw.com/standing_rules_of_parliament_.html#HRSRtitle" target="_blank">Somaliland law</a>, taasi  oo sheegtay inuu meesha ka saarayo xeer hoosaadka ka dambeeyay ee (Xr Lr 12/2014) oo ka kooban 73 Qodob. </span><br /> <span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Maxkamaddu waxay qaraarkeeda ku sheegtay in aanay dacwaddani ahayn mid dastuuriya, sidaa darteedana aanay ka garnaqisteedu u bannaanayn. Dooddaasi oo aanan anigu qabin inay sax tahay (haddii waxa la isku hayaa uu yahay go'aankii golaha ee lagu iclaamiyay Shirgudoonka Cusub ee Golaha Wakiilada). Go'aankaasi oo ay tahay in sharci ahaan la aaminsanaado <b>(Presumption to be valid)</b> illaa inta ay caddaymo liddi ku ah lagu burinayo ansaxnimadaasi.  Waxaanay dacwaddani dastuuri ku tahay sababahan;</span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> </div> <ol> <li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Marka laga yimaaddo Qodob sharciyeed oo la isku hayo fasiraaddiisa, waxa sidoo kale noqon kara dacwad dastuuriya;</span></li> <li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Go'aan kasoo baxa gole dastuuriya oo la isku qabtay dastuurinnamadiisa, ama ansaxnimadiisa. Ku dhawaaqista Guddoomiyannimada Baashe Maxamed Faarax, waxay ahayd go'aan gole oo uu shirguddoonku ku dhawaaqey. Sidaa darteed dib-u-eegista Garsoor ee maxkamadda laga codsaday waa mid noqon karta Dastuuri amaba idaari. </span></li> <li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Go'aanka Dib-u-eegista garsoor la marinayona waa inuu noqdaa mid ay kasoo cabatay cid/hay'ad uu go'aankaasi saameeyay awood ama xaq uu lahaa. Cabdiraxmaan Talyanle xaqbuu u lahaa <b>(locus standi</b>) inuu dib-u-eegistaasi dalbado maadamao oo go'aankaasi saameeyay xaq siyaasadeed oo uu lahaa.</span></li> <li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Doorashada Shirguddoonka G/wakiiladu waa arrin dastuuriya (<b>Qod</b>; <b>44/3 Dastuurka</b>). Shirguddoonku waa ciddii ku hadlaysay awoodda Golaha ee meelwalba ku matalaysay magaca wakiilada. Waana arrin dastuuriya inuu Goluhu lahaado Shirguddoon uu isku raacsanyahay si uu, u ahaado Gole gudan kara waajibaadkiisa, Sidaa darteedna Xilka guddoomiyaha aqalku lama mid aha magacaabista Guddi-hoosaadyada aqalka, iwm.</span></li> <li style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Cabashada Maxkamada loo soo gudbiyay maaha mooshin dib loo dhig-dhigi karo oo la mid ah arrimaha caadiga aha een xidhiidhka la lahayn mansabka shirguddoonka, amaba uu Guddoomiyuhu kala simanyahay xildhibaannada kale, Balse arrintani waa mid saamaynaysa dhismihii iyo wadajirkii golaha. Waayo waxa la isku hayaa, ciddii fadhiga soo socda guddoomin lahayd Golaha wakiilada. </span></li> </ol> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Waxa sidoo kale jirta dood sharciyeed oo gabi ahaanba kasoo horjeedda doorka garnaqiseed ee Maxkamadda Dastuuriga ku leedahay arrimaha kuwan oo kale ah ee Gole Dastuuriya uu isku qabto. </span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Sharciyaqaannada aragtidaasi qaba ayaa ku doodaya inuu Golaha wakiiladu yahay aqal ismaamula oo ka madaxbaannaan Waaxda Garsoorka, arrimihiisana ay tahay inuu isagu dhammaysto isagoo u maraya xeer-hoosaadyadiisa. Waxayna qabaan in go'aan kasta oo garsoor oo la xidhiidha arimaha nidaam ee xeerdajinta, uu yahay farogalin Waaxeed.</span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span> <span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Kala-madax-bannaanaanta Saddexda Waaxood<b> (Separation of powers)</b> ee dawladdu maaha aragti koox gaar ahi wadato, balse waa mabda' dastuuriya. Waxa se jira, garyaqaano marka ay hadlayaan, kala madax-bannaanta awoodaha, indhaha ka lalinaya, mabda'a kale isna ku lammaan ee <b>'isxisaabinta waaxaha qaranka</b>' <b>(Check and Balance).</b> Waa run oo Maxkamada Dastuuriga ahi, ma farogalin karto arrimo waaxaha kale, haddii aanay iyagu buuqooga lasoo doonan. Marka se,  looga soo cawdo amaba ay iyagu soo kala cawdaan, waxa Maxkamadda ku waajiba inay ciddaas/hay'addaasi caddaaladda soo bidday u jawaabto.</span><br /> <span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span> </span><br /> <span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"> <span style="font-weight: normal;">Khilaafkasta oo laba dhinac u dhexeeyaa, wuxuu ku dhammaan karaa, saddex qaab mid uun 1); iyadoo dhinacyada is-hayaa ay iskood uga heshiiyaan, 2) Iyadoo mid muquuniyo midka kale, oo dhinaca la muquuniyaa isdhiibista xal mooddo , 3) iyadoo dhinacyada is khilaafsani ay iskula tagaan dhinac saddexaad oo iyaga ka madax bannaan, kaasi oo laga filayo go'aan dhex-dhexaada. Markaas Garyaqaannada diiddan awoodda gar-qaadiseed ee Maxkamadu bal waa kaase ha sheegaan wajiga afraad ee uu ku dhamman karo khilaafka Aqalka Wakiilada ka aloosan iyo midkasta oo lamid ahiba, marka ay labada waji ee hore fashilmaan ee xal lagu gaadhi waayo?</span></span></span><br /> <span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span></span> <span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Guntii iyo gobo-gabadii, khilaafyada dastuuriga ahi ama kuwa maamul (ee u dhexeeya dawlada iyo dawlada, ama dadka iyo dawladdu)  maaha wax la sharaysto, balse waxay tilmaamayaan koritaanka aragtida iyo Fahamka sharci ee bulshada. Waxaanay dhinac kale tusaale u yihiin, inaynu nahay bulsho siyaasadeed oo uu ku-dhaqanka sharcigu <b>(rule of law)</b> xaggooga ka jiro. Taasina suurto gali mayso, haddii aanu fikirka Maxkamadaheenu halkiisaasi ka korin, oo aanay ragga shaadirka madaw u qaatay ee miiska saarani, aanay ku dadaalin sidii ay u curin lahaayeen mabadi' sharci oo dhaafsiisan xalalka ku meelgaadhka ah ee galalka horyaalla. Waxaana yoolkaasi, ka midho dhalin kara, Garsoor dhiirran iyo sharciyqaano daah-furleh, oo si xeel dheer uga baaraandaga doodaha dastuuriga ah ee ka dhasha goldaloolooyinka sharciyeed ee jira. Markaas ayuu noqon karaa, dastuurka iyo nidaamka siyaasiga ahi mid kora, oo ina siiya faham ballaadhan oo ku saabsan xuquuqda iyo waajibaadka guud/gaarka ah ee nidaamka bulsho-siyaasadeed dimuqraadiya ku dhisanyahay. </span><br /> <span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span></span> <span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Sidoo kale, waxa loo baahanyahay in la sameeyo, xeerkii Maxkamadda Dastuuriga ahaa (<b>Constitutional and Administrative Court Act</b>), kaasi oo nidaamiya, hab-dacwadeedka la xidhiidha arrimaha maamul iyo kuwa dastuuriga ah, si ay  ilaalinta xuquuqda dastuuriga ah ee muwaadinku u noqoto waajib-sharciyeed oo dhaqangala,  oo hayadihii u xilka saarnaa lagala xisaabtami karo. Haddii xeerkaasi sidaasi usii maqnaadana, xuquuqda iyo xorriyaadka muwaadinku waxay ahaan doonaan, siday imikaba yihiin: khad-madaw oo ku xardhan baal cad.<br /> </span><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-weight: normal;"><br /></span><span style="font-weight: normal;"> </span><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Garyaqaan Maxamed Axmed Cabdi Bacaluul (waddi 12@gmail.com)</span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span></div> <br /> <br /> Lifaaq:<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgayy-r6odm9x6rXb3GhzzCTwM9asBo0IOPi4zJCXoxb1G7XqmKvsCrUUgSuRsCkgGUCRGv641Vkk1VkB5yku15bpE5Z7rIEsBsc8Cdm-18eMJpY1mV36N4hDXTcfGHCbKF7Rm7HrFwIgQS/s1600/Qaraar.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="493" data-original-width="370" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgayy-r6odm9x6rXb3GhzzCTwM9asBo0IOPi4zJCXoxb1G7XqmKvsCrUUgSuRsCkgGUCRGv641Vkk1VkB5yku15bpE5Z7rIEsBsc8Cdm-18eMJpY1mV36N4hDXTcfGHCbKF7Rm7HrFwIgQS/s320/Qaraar.jpg" width="240" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuF4E_Fec1zZuv8iS_a7xEMoGq-vTX02JAqBK_lDYVJ7-pOO6nHM5p054MwWBS5Weudlh7ZnwrIY-oWwhYlhI5odtbNWnKmLZx5SWlj6bqxwvvI48KeRseXANgAQwMO4mNxzE8k8FDTK0y/s1600/Qaraar1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="960" data-original-width="720" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuF4E_Fec1zZuv8iS_a7xEMoGq-vTX02JAqBK_lDYVJ7-pOO6nHM5p054MwWBS5Weudlh7ZnwrIY-oWwhYlhI5odtbNWnKmLZx5SWlj6bqxwvvI48KeRseXANgAQwMO4mNxzE8k8FDTK0y/s320/Qaraar1.jpg" width="240" /></a></div> </div>

QARAARKA MAXKAMADDA DASTUURIGA; MA WUXUU AHAA NINKII ROONI AQALKA HA U HADHO? by Garyaq, Maxamed Axmed Cabdi Bacaluul.

Qaabka uu u dhignaa Go'aankii ugu dambeeyay Maxkamadda Dastuurga ahaa, wuxuu u muuqday mid ku salaysan hab-dacwadeedka, oo aan shaqo ku lahayn nuxurkii khilaaf ee u dhexeeyay dhinacyada (merit). W…

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“Alle Doori Baan Ahay”!! Qore: Maxamed Baashi Xaaji Xasan

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name" style="background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 22px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; position: relative;"> <br /></h3> <div class="post-header" style="background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px 0px 1em;"> <div class="post-header-line-1"> </div> </div> <div class="post-body entry-content" id="post-body-6297225956870832698" itemprop="description articleBody" style="background-color: white; color: #444444; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 1.4; position: relative; width: 586px;"> <br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgoAN8v5DzmpsMPlImu-h3olHvEtFoYOrzWZfRzH8llQg3HsF3VBDD1AiLTt4jqtnmSa16d5eWTnSYBdZPVlYobqeAFbTUjpkOVL9oLrbQJD0lNarAHzJ62B1SXhefRZ5CfEXzmODmUHo/s483/baash1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; color: #4d469c; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration-line: none;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgoAN8v5DzmpsMPlImu-h3olHvEtFoYOrzWZfRzH8llQg3HsF3VBDD1AiLTt4jqtnmSa16d5eWTnSYBdZPVlYobqeAFbTUjpkOVL9oLrbQJD0lNarAHzJ62B1SXhefRZ5CfEXzmODmUHo/s483/baash1.jpg" style="background: transparent; border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid transparent; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" width="165" /></a><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> Jikaar iyo muran caalwaa’ ayuun buu awel hore ba saaxiibkii ku yuubayey ee wuu dareensanaa  inuu ka soo baydhay jidkaas ay naftiisu ku naalloon jirtey. Jid uu isku daawan jirey oo sida muraayadda qofnimadiisa uu uga dhex halacsan jirey. Jid uu isku daawayn jirey oo aan u qodax badnayn sida kan qardabooyinka badan ee ay waayadan dambe kashiisu barriinsatay ee uu garasho diidayo.</div> <a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="more"></a><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <b>Dakharrada iyo nabarrada jidhkiisa ku dhacaya ee haddeerto qoomaya,</b> iyo haaraha quluubtiisa hoose damaqa ku haya ee xagxaganaya, ayaa dab naar ka kulul naftiisa ku shidaya. Waxa uu duunkiisa hoose kula faqayaa sida degdegga badan ee ahaanshihiisii dadnimo iyo isaga qofnimadiisii ay u kala suudaleen; u kala haydhafeen ee ay maanta isu la’ yihiin!! “Goormaad sidaas u duntay?” ayuu is weydiinayaa.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;">    Tirsigii waayahaa ka gedmadey. Waxa uu dhex taagan yahay oo kol ba mid maan dhuganayaa laba dhacdo oo ka mid ah sooyaalkiisa: 26-ka Juun iyo 18-ka May. Waxa uu ku mashquulayaa oo maskaxdiisu ku raagaysaa dib u hilaadin ku taxmaysa waayahaas ka soo jeeda 1960 iyo 1991, iyo wixii ka dambeeyey iyo waayihii labadaa ba ka horreeyey, waxaanu tagtooyinkaas u barkinayaa joogtadiisa. Dabadeedna waxa uu maggaabinayaa xaqiiqo mur iyo deebaaq ka qadhaadh oo hoosta uga xarriiqaysa timaaddadiisa ku soo foolka leh ee waayahan rimmani ummuli karaan. Ma niyadsama oo dareenka taban baa ku badan. Waxa uu maalin kasta u soo joogey, maanta na daawade waayo-arag ah ka yahay foolxumooyinka karkaarrada sii jabsanaya ee sida “daadkii Xaabaale” u butaac-haraaciyaya degaanka roobabka mahiigaanka ah ee da’aa biyahoodu aanay solin ee uu ku nool yahay.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;">    Waxa uu is waydiinayaa halka habaarku ka haleelay ee laga raacay. Waxa uu isu arkaa nin daad la soo tegey oo dul heehaabaya oo mawjad cirbaxaysaa sidato. Qun-u-jeed buu ula socdaa in mututuulkii uu dogobka moodayey noqday xumbo dagagaran oo aan cuskasho geli karin! Aragtidii gondihiisa ku sugnayd waxa ay ku noqotay “xabbad basal ah oo farihiisa ku burburaysa”! Sidii uu kol ba lakab u faydayey ayay farihiisa ku baaba’day! Wuu dareensan yahay inuu uga aayey oo ka dheefsaday dhib uun: “qudhmuun iyo xajiin”. Labada indhood baa hoor ka da’ayaa. Dadku na hinaasi bay moodayaan! Waa se nin kadeedan oo godkiisa biyo ugu galeen! Waxa cuyuban iyo la-ma-arag agtiisa tuuran ee baylah afka ku soo kala qaadday iyo inta neecaw dellegan ku soo neefaysa ee kol ba sankiisu qaadanayo, ayuu dhabannada iyo dhafoorrada is hayaa! Wuu se og yahay inuu isagu wax badan mas’uul ka yahay. </div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;">    Waa abaalkaaye cidna ba ha eersan buu naftiisa hoos ugu la xanshashaqayaa?! Cabsi badan buu se hadh iyo habeen la daandaamayaa oo dubaaqiisa ku oogan! Kul ka dhigan girgire dhuxul galool lagu cammiray baa naftiisa ku shidan! Xitaa famlaydhadu way u xidhan yihiin oo guriga ba meel irbadi mari kartaa uma furna. Dhinac wal ba wuu iska soo ooday. Halkii daloosha ba wuu gufeeyey. Cuqdad yuururta iyo maryo dhiig leh buu meel wal ba aqalka kaga juqaalay. Dhulkii na wuu ku soo koobmay. Wuu garwaaqsan yahay inuu isagu cidhiidhiga iyo diiqaddan is geliyey. Waa se goorma xilliguu talada hojinayaa. Waa goor ay “xeedho iyo fandhaal kala dhaceen”! Weli se dabaqabashaa u bannaan. Wax badan baa caynaanadu hagaajin kartaa. Hase yeeshee dhiillada ugu halista badan ee uu la dheeldheelliyayaa waa in aan cidi ba “tuskaas jira” ee isaga shidaya si weyn ugu la baraarugsanayn!  Dad badan oo ay sheeko wadaag yihiin oo uu arrinta la soo qaadqaaday, waxa uu ka helay dareen u dhigma halqabsiga “Iska hadlow Ina Igarre”!</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;">    Waxa uu isku ciilkaambiyaa is-raacii lixdankii inuu ahaa hindise uu isagu lahaa. Marar kale na waxa uu haaraamaa gobannimadii 26-kii Juun 1960 lafteeda. Wuu gubasho ooyaa inta badan. Waxa uu naftiisa ku qabooji yidhaa oo isku qanciyaa in gaadhidda xornimadaasi khalad weyn xilligaas ahayd oo loo baahnaa in gumaysigii Ingiriis uu carrada ka sii calanwalleeyo. Waayo loo ma bislayn dawladnimo iyo abuurista qaran casri ah midkood na, ayuu ku ciil belbelaa, hadda na waxa uu is waydiiyaa “oo haddaa ma iminkaa loo bisil yahay”!! Sawtan jilib kastaa xerada yar waageertay. Sawtan kala higgoonaysa ee jees kastaa ba dhacanta dheeraystay. Maxay tartay waayo-aragnimo? Maxay waxbarasho iyo shahaadad sare macnaysay?! Maxaa casriga iyo ilbaxnimo oo dhan laga dheefay?: Qabyaalad indho la’ oo waalli ah! Muusannow! Tolla’ayeey! Libin laga dhex raadiyo gawrac iyo geeri!! Xumaan lagu daydayo wanaag!! Musuq iyo walaahow, iyo naxli iyo nifaaq, iyo inta laga diqoodo oo dhan!</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Intuu dubur hawd ka xulo</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Intuu bahalaha dugsado</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Ayaa qofku doonayaa</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Dugaaggu inaanu cunin!</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Beydadkaas ka midka ah maansadii Hadraawi ee “Daba-huwan” ayaa maankiisu ku dul hakanayaa, waxaanu ugu sii gudbayaa oo maskaxdiisa ku soo dhacaysa “Tolow muu hadda ba ninkii caddaa (gumaysigii Ingiriis) iska soo laabto oo dib noo qabsado duulkayagan nolosha bacad-joojinta iyo cubbudhka ku haya ee malaakadeedaya, madaxbannaani na aan u qalmin ee aan iyagu tashan karin in loo taliyo mooyaane! Hadda na waxa uu himbiriirsanayaa in casrigaasi carceeray, tegey oo tubta ku dhacay oo gumaysi Ingiriis ba dabar go’ay. Meel kale ayay gocashadu ula gurguuranaysaa, waxa nu ku fekerayaa “malaha waxaa ba la qaadan lahaa in Xamar lagu noqdaa”! “Oo ri’yo hadday dib leeyihiin saw dabadooda ku ma aanay qarsadeen iyo ninka aad kab ka tolanayso kabihiisaa la eegaa” ayuu is la markii ba is tusayaa. Saw kuwan iyaba (Soomaaliya) is cunaya ee sac sac raaca loo diiday ee labaatanka calal (maro) kala sita, tiiyoo qolo kastaa hadda na lulayso calankii xiddigta cad ee shan geesta ah lahaa ee cirka u ekaa. “Maya; maya horaa godkaas la iiga qaniinay oo ku hiradkiisu ma aha doorashadayda koowaad” ayuu naftiisa u bandhigayaa! Hase yeeshee waxa uu aaminsan yahay oo hadda ku ba kalsoon yahay in sidan uu hadda xaalku yahay aanu sina ba ahayn: Nolol candadawlan oo la jaanjaamayo, marka tallaabo hore loo qaada na laba tallaabo dib loo noqonayo. Dad raad arooryo uun dib u raacaya iyo dar aan goshii hooyo ka ba korayn, yaanay ka ba korin oo ha iska joogaane hadda na dulmi iyo daandaansi ku darsaday oo wada xiqdi, xaasid iyo xasarad miidhan ah.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Isagu waxa uu garaadsaday tiiyo loogu yeedho “Reer Waqooyi”, dadka qaar na u yaqaanniin “Qaldaan”. Waxa uu soo gaadhey oo u soo joogey iyada oo Reer Waqooyinnimadu wax weyn suuqa ka goyso: la isku soo dhaweeyo, la isku sooro, lagu dareen iyo shucuur wadaago, wax la isugu qabto, lagu walaalaysan yahay oo la isku xigsado, lagu ahaansho qofoobo oo lagu ab iyo isir sheegto iwm. Waxaa nu ka sheeko qaatay oo geed- iyo goob-jooge ka dhaxlay in Reer Waqooyinnimadu sooyaal fog ahayd oo ku sinnayd gumaysiga hortii iyo intii uu soo galay iyo ka dib ba. Reer Waqooyigu waxa uu ahaa buu maqli jirey Huwan Marag ah oo bari iyo galbeed ba is o goo dan- iyo caaqiibo-wadaag ah. Soomaali oo dhan bay ka koobnaayeen.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;">     Min Lawyacaddo (Jabuuti duleedkeeda) ilaa Tukaraq (gooddiyada Garoowe), Jigjiga dusheeda ilaa iyo godannada Wardheer, xeebaha Saylac ilaa iyo Berbera, Maydh iyo Xiis, Waqadara ilaa iyo Laasqoray degmada is haysa miyi iyo magaalo ba, ayaa Reer Waqooyinnimadu hadhayn jirtey maalmihii ay noolayd. Waxa ay ahayd ahaansho dadnimo oo heerkii feker ee qabaliga ahaa ka kor maraysa oo heer gobol u tisqaadday: Dad leh degaan dhul oo ka dhexeeya, iyo hab feker, wada macaamil iyo adduun-arag aan is diiddooyin iyo qalo lahayn, is la markaa na aan ku salaysnayn isir dhalasho ama dhiig-ab-aroor ah oo hadda na af- iyo far-guri mideeya leh. Si kasta oo beeluhu qaab qabali ah feedh-dha isugu hayeen degaan ahaan, hadda na hannaanka feker ee casriga ahi waxa uu abuuray ahaanshahaas Reer Waqooyinnimo nuxur ahaan. Magaalo galeenkii ganacsiga, fanka iyo suugaanta, iyo jiilashii u horreeyey ee qalinka ku raad bartay ee macallimiinta, ardayda, shaqaalaha dawladda, iyo isirradii bilayska, ciidamada iwm. ayay aragtidaasi ka dhex tisqaadday.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;">     Hanaqaadka aragtidaas ayay Samaale iyo Samatar oo saaxiibtinnimo fog oo cayddinnimo lahaa na ku raad-dhaqaajiyeen, ku na indho-dillaacsadeen berisamaadkeedii. Waa maalmahaas wacnaa kuwa ay maanta tebayaan markii ay ku dhex asqoobeen ee ay iska dhex waayey siyaasadda qabyaaladeed ee faraha lagaga gubtay ee tolaysiga indhaha la’ ku salaysan ee xafiis dawladeed iyo geed bulsheed ba busaaradda iyo indho-beelka ku keentay.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Iliilaha Jabuutaan lahaa eedyar sii mariye</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Addis Ababa gee baan lahaa adhaxda jiilaale</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> ENEFDII ha daaqdaan lahaa ayda doogga lehe</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Imminka na ardaa gocondhalay awr la mirataaye!</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Gabaygaas Qaasim (AHUN) buu Samaale soo gocday. Cabbaar buu feker la aamusnaa. Indhihiisa ayaa qolkii yaraa ee uu dhex galluubnaa ka dhex mudh baxaya oo cirka ku fogaanaya, maankiisu na waxa uu  ka gudbayaa garka webi Ganaane iyo gabbalaha dusheenna ah. Sara-joog uu muddo maahsanaa ayuu ku jirey. Isaga oo dhidid jidhkiisa kor iyo kal la foolqaadsan yahay, ayuu salka dhulka dhigayaa caw yar oo sariirtiisa ag  goglanayd. “Ma ihi Alle doori ee waxaan ahay Reer Waqooyi” ayuu mar qudha sidii cirsan-ka-yeedhka la sara kacay oo af labadii ku qayliyey, isaga oo aad mooddo qof dheelalaabo la kacay, dhinaca kale na u muuqda in culays saarnaa laga fudaydiyey. Saaxiibkii Samatar oo qolka la wadaagayey, sardho na ku jirey, ayaa qaylada saaxiibkii ku kacay oo su’aalay waxa Samaale ku dhacay?</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;">     Samaale oo Samatar la hadlaya: “saaxiib intii aad hurdada ku qasaysay ba aniga “geelaygii baa cirkaas lagu maalayey! Aniga iyo naftaydaa loollan ka dhex aloosnaa. Waxa aan ka ledi waayey murankeennii maalmahan ba dhexdeenna ka oognaa iyo runta inagu wada mudduciga ah ee aynu iska dhegamarayno”. Samatar oo dhegaha saaxiibkii u raaricinaya oo warka ka guraya, ayaa odhanaya “oo Samaalow ma ku qanacday in sidan aynu nahay aanay si is bixin karta ahayn?!”</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;">    Samaale oo neef kululi ka soo booddey: “runtii saaxiib Samatarow ‘geeridu mar bay nolosha dhaantaaye’ sidani si ba ma aha. Wallaahay bacad-joojintan iyo gacan-ku-rimintan candadawlan wax kastaa ba way dhaami karaan. Xitaa haddii gacantii gumaysiga dib loogu dhacayo ama Xamar ba la isu dhiibayo, sidii lixdankii, si indho la’aan ah”! Samatar oo ilko caddaynaya: “Alle saaxiib ‘shaw hooyaday iga ma ilbaxdo’.Waa hubsiino la’aantii. .. intiinnii yarayd dee! Waa degdeggii iyo fudaydkii berigii… waxan aad Samaalow haddeerto ku hindisoonaysaa…….. Qosol gariir gawsuhu muuqdaan!!”</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <b>Sheeko dheer baa Samatar iyo Samaale</b> halkaas uga bilaabmaysa. Waxa ay hoos u faaqidayaan xaaladda lagu jiro gaar ahaan Somaliland iyo guud ahaan ba gobolka intiisa kale iyo saamaynta caalamka kale ku yeeshay ama hadda ba ku leeyahay iyo waxa ilmo-rogashooyin ka socda ama ifafaaleyaal ka soo naaso-cad ee qasabadda ku soo jira.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;">    Samatar iyo Samaale waxa ay wada oddorosayaan saadaasha gurracnaan karta ee waayuhu soo gelbinayaan haddii aan hadda laga tabaabulshaysan oo aan la keenin aragti iyo hal-abuur kale oo dhaama kan u muuqda faashilka iyo hungada qaawan ee “goraygu ka sii hadaafayo”: Qaran qabyaaladi tiir-dhexaad u tahay! Qaran reernimadu ka mudan tahay waddannimada! Qaran aanu dabar ba jirin; sharci iyo qaanuun la raaco oo dadka kala dabbaalaa ba ka dhaqan geli karin! Qof kastaa ba wuxuu doono samayn karo. Koox iyo kudlad kastaa ba sidii ay doonto u dhaqmi karto.  Caddaaladda iyo garsoorku yihiin isirro halqabsiyeed oo hoosta ka madhan! Dibida iyo waylaha dameeruhu dhali karaan iwm!!</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;">    “Xaggee looga guuri karaa kayntaas dugaaggu jalabutaystay?” ayay is waydiinayaan. Hore ba loo yidhi “guushu ma dhimato, guuldarradu na ma dhammaato”!  “Qaran aanay dirsoocnimadu u doorranayn!” ayaa u muuqanaya. “Somaliland ba waa la qaramayn karaa saw ma aha? Dharkii qarannimadaa loo gelin karaa oo nuxur ahaan lagu arrad tiri karaa saw ma aha?” ayay isa su’aalayaan. “Magacyo la bixiyo, waxa ku gudo jiraa; nuxur ahaan; ka hagaagsan”! “Ma la baxnaa Jamhuuriyadda Soomaalida Reer Waqooyi”! Miyaynaan xididka geedka qarannimadaas lagu waraabin karin dheecaanka Reer Waqooyinnimadii inaga fool hallawday, markii ay dhalatay na inaga shaashowdey ee weli bukaan-socodka ah. Iyada (Reer Waqooyinnimadaas) miyaynaan dawo u raadin karin oo la dabiibi karin?</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;">    Waxa ay labadu ba (Samaale iyo Samatar) isugu nacamlaynayaan oo gorodda u ruxayaan in Reer Waqooyinnimada boodhka laga tumi karo, oo dalluuntii dheerayd lagu daboolay laga soo saari karo. Soomaalinnimadii aynu dhididka iyo dheecaankeenna u hurray, waxa burburiyey dulmi iyo caddaalad darro, kelitalisnnimo iyo qabyaalad. Qaran loo sinnaan lahaa oo la wada lahaa oo la kala xigsado, la kala sheegto oo la isugu tar-sheegto, la isugu awood iyo muruq sheegto oo la isku maquuniyo, shaadhkiisa na la isku xasuuqo ayaa la wada eeday. Taasi  Soomaalinnimo oo keliya inaga ma ay dilin ee waxa kale oo ay inaga sumaysay Reer Waqooyinnimadeennii, markii aynu kala safannay ee dulmiga kala raacnay, markii aynu isu hiilin waynay ee aynu isku wiirsannay ee kala hadafnay iyo markii iyo markii….!</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;">     Maxsuulkii ama natiijadii aynu ka hellay ee burburkii Soomaalinnimada inooga soo baxay na (Somaliland), waa innagaas iska wada dhex arki waynay ee sidii tulud geel ah sheegashadeeda kala dhowaysanayna ee aynu guuldarrooyinka iyo halista ka soo jiijii leh sidii fiinta ka sii qaylo-dhaaminayno. Waa run ay labadoodu ba is la garwaaqsadeen in wixii Soomaalinnimada burburiyey aan Reer Waqooyinnimada na lagu soo bakhti afuufi karin. Gunaanadkii, Samaale iyo Samatar, waxa ay guddoon gacanta is qaadayaan, xal na u arkayaan:</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> 1.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>In la soo nooleeyo oo dib loo xaqiijiyo, wax kale horta ha joogto’e,  ahaanshihii Reer Waqooyinnimo, laga taariikheeyo oo dib loo daraaseeyo jiritaankeeda iyo isirrada naafeeyey iyo sida looga soo kaban karo iyo</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> 2.<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>In la yagleelo Jamhuuriyadda Soomaalida Reer Waqooyi oo leh dabar (xeer) iyo hoggaan (maamul) sida muraayadda la isaga wada dhex arki karo, ayna ku dhex goglan tahay dermo lagu wada fadhiisan karo si loo gudboon yahay oo aanay cidi na ku shaashoobi karin.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;">     Taasi waa inoo ballan; ayay isku jalbeebiyeen oo yidhaahdeen; haddii aynu gooni isu taagayno sida Djabuuti iyo haddii aynu Soomaali is la doonanayno oo himiladii 1960-kii iyana soo noolaynayno oo Shantii Soomaaliyeed isu keenkooda, aynu mar kale, dawanka iyo durbaanka u tumi doonno, iyaga hoosta ka xarriiqaya in ay aragtidan la wadaagaan asxaabtooda kale, ka dib na dadka ka dhex bislayn doonaan: Sahanka iyo hiraalka aragtidoodu waa soo noolaynta nuxurkii “Reer Waqooyinnimo” iyo binaynta ehelnimadiisa xilligan cilladda iyo caabuqu dad ba wada diloodeen, lana wada bas-beelay ee la surbacaaday. Taas baa wax lagu wada noqon karaa, ayay bilkeedeen, haddii la is ururiyo oo xerada la yaraysto iyo haddii la is ballaadhiyo, haddii gaar wax loo yeelanayo iyo haddii cid kale (Xamar) wax la la wadaagayo labada jeer ba.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;">     Waxa aan is lahaa “ Alle doori seedi ba uma dhanaana ee dunida shaw dad baa weli ku noolaa; rag iyo haween ba ka kooban! Waxa aan anna ka mid noqonayaa inta aragtidaasi maankooda biyo dhigtay, u guuxdey ee Samaale iyo Samatar ku raacday ee soo dhowaynaysa. Waa inoo 26-ka Juun. Saw maalin aynu isku wada raaci karno oo inaga dhaxaysa ma aha?! Haa, waa maguurto aynu waadhka bukaan-socodka ku illownay, aan se tasoobi karin oo haddii aynu negaanno iyo haddii hayaanno ba ina la guurguuri doonta. Intaas uun baan hordhac ahaan hadda Samaale iyo Samatar u sii fari haadda.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Ninka diiddan taasow</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Weligaa ba doondoon</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Derejada carbuunta ah!</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> Qalinkii Maxamed Baashe X. Xasan</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> mohamedbashe@hotmail.com</div> </div> </div>

“Alle Doori Baan Ahay”!! Qore: Maxamed Baashi Xaaji Xasan

Jikaar iyo muran caalwaa’ ayuun buu awel hore ba saaxiibkii ku yuubayey ee wuu dareensanaa  inuu ka soo baydhay jidkaas ay naftiisu ku naalloon jirtey. Jid uu isku daawan jirey oo sida muraayadda qof…

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